Finance news. My opinion.

New Zealand manufacturing sales increased the most since 2002 in the fourth quarter and home building surged, adding to signs economic growth accelerated in the final months of last year.

Sales volumes adjusted to remove inflation rose 3.1 percent from the previous three months, Statistics New Zealand said in a statement in Wellington today. Residential construction increased 7.4 percent in the same period, the statistics agency said in a separate report.

Stronger construction, manufacturing and retail sales suggest economic growth accelerated in the fourth quarter, buoyed by record-low interest rates and an expansion in Australia, which is the biggest market for New Zealand’s exports. The Treasury Department last week said the currency’s 3.7 percent decline against the U.S. dollar so far this year is providing more confidence for exporters.

“Construction and manufacturing look set to provide a positive contribution to gross domestic product in the quarter,” said Philip Borkin, an economist at Goldman Sachs JBWere Ltd. in Auckland. He estimates the economy grew 1 percent in the three months ended Dec. 31.

New Zealand’s dollar bought 70.01 U.S. cents at 11:55 a.m. in Wellington trading from 69.54 cents immediately before the reports were published.

Economic growth is accelerating after GDP increased 0.2 percent in both the second and third quarters of 2009, ending the nation’s worst recession in three decades. Fourth-quarter GDP figures are published on March 25.

Export Volumes

Economists will complete their GDP forecasts after a report on export and import volumes on March 10 and data on electricity generation due a week later. Retail sales rose 1 percent in the fourth quarter, according to a report on Feb. 12.

Reserve Bank Governor Alan Bollard has kept the official cash rate at 2.5 percent since April last year. He will leave the rate unchanged at his next review on March 11, according to all 13 economists surveyed by Bloomberg News.

Manufacturing sales rose in the three months through December by the most since the third quarter of 2002, when volumes jumped 4.1 percent. Eleven of 15 industries recorded gains, the statistics agency said.

Meat and dairy sales advanced 4.6 percent, led by meat. That offset a fall in milk powder, butter and cheese volumes. More than half the meat and dairy production is exported, the statistics agency said.

Excluding those categories, manufacturing climbed 3.6 percent, the agency said. Analysts use the figure excluding meat and dairy as a guide for the contribution of manufacturing to New Zealand’s GDP.

GDP Contribution

“Adjusting for changes in inventory levels, we estimate that manufacturing production rose around 4 percent” in the quarter, said Borkin. “This emphasizes a turn in performance after a period of significant weakness.”

Before the latest period, manufacturing had declined for five of seven quarters.

Demand for exports is being buoyed by global growth, led by China and other Asian economies. In Australia, which buys 23 percent of New Zealand exports, growth was 0.9 percent in the fourth quarter.

The increase in home construction followed two quarters of declines, while non-residential construction fell 6.1 percent, the statistics agency said in a second report.

“We expect residential construction activity will continue to recover over the coming quarters,” said Jane Turner, an economist at ASB Bank Ltd. in Auckland. “Non residential was significantly weaker than our expectation.”

Construction lags behind home-building approvals, which surged 21 percent in the fourth quarter from the three months through September, according to a report on Jan. 29.

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The snow storms that slammed the mid-Atlantic region this month shut down government agencies around Washington, D.C., long enough for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to delay its review of Alkermes Inc.’s new drug application for diabetes therapy exenatide.

Waltham, Mass.-based Alkermes (Nasdaq: ALKS), which co-developed the drug with Amylin Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Eli Lilly and Co., said the FDA is adding five days to its review of exenatide, moving its action date out to March 12 cash advance payday loan.

Exenatide is intended to be an extended-release medication for Type 2 diabetes designed to deliver continuous therapeutic levels of exenatide in a single weekly dose. The application for exenatide’s once-weekly formula was submitted in May 2009 and accepted by the FDA in July 2009.

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The township of Huaxi in the Yangtze River Delta is a proud symbol of how Chinese communists embraced capitalism to lift 300 million people out of poverty during the past three decades.

Its leaders took a farm community with bamboo huts and ox carts in the 1970s and transformed it into an industrial and commercial powerhouse where today many of its 30,000 residents live in mansions and most have a car. Per-capita income of 80,000 yuan ($11,700) — almost four times the national average — allows Huaxi to claim it’s China’s richest village.

Huaxi is also emblematic of the country’s construction and real estate boom. Communist Party officials there are building one of the world’s 30 tallest buildings, a 2.5 billion yuan, 328-meter (1,076-foot) tower. The revolving restaurant atop the so-called New Village in the Sky offers sweeping views of paddy fields, fish ponds and orchards, Bloomberg Markets reports in its April issue.

Marc Faber, publisher of the Gloom, Boom & Doom Report, says China is overdoing it. “It does not make sense for China to build more empty buildings and add to capacities in industries where you already have overcapacity,” Faber told Bloomberg Television on Feb. 11. “I think the Chinese economy will decelerate very substantially in 2010 and could even crash.”

Huaxi has an even more ambitious project coming up: a 6 billion yuan, 538-meter skyscraper that would today rank as the world’s second tallest. The only loftier building is the new Burj Khalifa in Dubai.

Dubai Times a Thousand

Such undertakings figured in warnings hedge fund manager Jim Chanos delivered in January that China is Dubai times a thousand. The costs of wasteful investments in empty offices and shopping malls and in underutilized infrastructure will weigh on China, Chanos, president of New York-based Kynikos Associates Ltd., said in a speech at the London School of Economics. “We may find that that’s what pops the Chinese bubble sooner rather than later.”

China has defied the global recession of the past two years and remained the fastest-growing major economy. Gross domestic product soared 10.7 percent in the fourth quarter. The government has provided 4 trillion yuan in stimulus spending and encouraged banks to lend a record 9.59 trillion yuan last year, trying to bridge the gap until demand for exports rebounds or domestic consumption takes off.

Risk for Commodities

Last month, banks lent a further 1.39 trillion yuan — almost one-fifth of the target amount for the whole of 2010. Also in January, foreign direct investment climbed 7.8 percent to $8.13 billion. Retail sales during last week’s Lunar New Year holiday rose 17.2 percent from the same period in 2009, according to the Ministry of Commerce.

While China’s resilience has helped support the world economy, raising demand for energy and raw materials, the bursting of a bubble would have the opposite effect. Government efforts to wean the economy off its extraordinary support may roil markets.

In January, the central government ordered banks to curb lending, which put China’s stock market into reverse. In a sign, in part, of how dependent the world has become on China, stocks and currencies slumped in places such as Australia and Brazil that supply commodities to the People’s Republic. On Feb. 12, the eve of the one-week Lunar New Year holiday, China for the second time in a month ordered banks to set aside more deposits as reserves. The Shanghai Composite Index has fallen 8 percent year-to-date, after gaining 80 percent in 2009.

Bidding Up Prices

“If the Chinese economy decelerates or crashes, what you have is a disastrous environment for industrial commodities,” said Faber, who oversees $300 million at Hong Kong-based Marc Faber Ltd.

The stimulus tap that Beijing turned on has flowed to projects such as its 2 trillion yuan high-speed-rail network. The 221 billion yuan Beijing-Shanghai line has surpassed the Three Gorges Dam as the single most expensive engineering project in Chinese history.

Some beneficiaries of the government efforts have plowed their loans into real estate and stocks. Property prices across 70 cities jumped 9.5 percent in January from a year earlier, according to government data.

Bridge of Strength

Instead of concentrating on their core businesses, giant state-owned enterprises, or SOEs, have bet on real estate, according to Zhang Xin, a former Goldman Sachs Group Inc. analyst who’s chief executive officer of Soho China Ltd., the biggest property developer in Beijing’s central business district. “All the SOEs are bidding the prices up to the sky,” Zhang told China International Business, a magazine backed by China’s Ministry of Commerce, in December. That’s despite office vacancies in China’s capital being at record highs, according to Boston-based commercial real estate company Colliers International.

Chanos, a short-seller who was early to warn about Enron Corp., is one of a growing number of investors sounding the alarm. “Right now, the Chinese market is overheating,” George Soros said in a Jan. 28 interview.

Local-government officials have wasted stimulus funds by replacing infrastructure that was fine in the first place. State media complained in May 2009 that party chiefs in Jianyang, Sichuan province, decided to help boost the local economy by rebuilding a bridge that was in such good condition it had emerged unscathed a year earlier from the earthquake that killed 70,000 people. The so-called Bridge of Strength withstood a demolition crew that tried to blast it to pieces with dynamite, the official China Daily reported.

Real Estate or Soybeans?

Another example Chanos has cited is the city of Ordos, where party officials have built an entire new downtown on the windswept grasslands of Inner Mongolia, 25 kilometers (15 miles) outside the existing municipality of 1.5 million people.

Mark Mobius, meanwhile, is sticking with China. The executive chairman of Templeton Asset Management is encouraged that the government is pulling back some of its extraordinary economic support. “We see the government’s tightening of lending as a positive because it moderates the risk to some degree,” says Mobius, who oversees $34 billion. “This is a correction in an ongoing bull market.”

Chris Ruffle, who helps manage $19 billion for Edinburgh- based Martin Currie Ltd., also remains confident China will avoid a bust. “It’s not a highly leveraged situation,” says Ruffle, who works in Shanghai. “I was in Japan in the 1980s, and that was a bubble. Here in China, we are nowhere near that.”

Still, even Mobius says investors have to be wary. He got rid of an investment in a Chinese food company after discovering that it was using funds to buy apartments instead of to process soybeans.

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Walgreen Co. announced Wednesday it is buying New York-based rival drugstore chain Duane Reade Holdings Inc. to expand its reach in the metropolitan area.

The $1.1 billion cash transaction, which includes some debt and is pending regulatory approval, is Walgreen’s largest retail acquisition to date and is expected to close in the current fiscal year ended Aug. 31.

Through the deal, Deerfield, Ill.-based Walgreens (WAG, Fortune 500) drugstore, which currently operates 70 stores in New York City out of 7,100 nationwide, will acquire all 257 Duane Reade locations in New York City, as well as its corporate office and two distribution centers.

"Duane Reade is a compelling strategic acquisition that will immediately provide Walgreens with a leading position in the largest drugstore market in the United States," said Walgreens chief executive and president Greg Wasson in a statement. "The transaction is consistent with the capital allocation objectives we outlined last fall, which included investing in strategic opportunities that reinforce the company’s core strategies and meet return requirements."

The deal will also give Walgreens an edge over its national rival CVS Caremark (CVS, Fortune 500), which operates just over 7,000 drugstores across the nation.

"Walgreens lags its rival CVS in the New York metro area," said Craig Johnson, retail industry expert and president of retail consultancy Customer Growth Partners. "So this deal now allows Walgreens to leapfrog over its competitor and give it the kind of dominance in New York City that it has in Chicago, where it is headquartered."

Duane Reade, owned by private equity firm Oak Hill Capital Partners, boasts the highest sales per square foot in the retail drugstore industry in the nation, and its sales reached an unaudited $1.8 billion in 2009.

"We are very pleased that this national leader has recognized the successful transformation under way at Duane Reade," said Duane Reade chief executive and chairman John Lederer in the statement.

Customer Growth Partners’ Johnson said the deal will also benefit shoppers.

"This is also a win-win for consumers. Walgreens is bringing the skill, capital and management strength of one of the top two pharmacies operating in the country to Duane Reade," he said. "This will certainly enhance the merchandise and shopping experience for Duane Reade consumers."

Duane Reade, which opened its first location on Broadway between Duane and Reade streets in Manhattan in 1960, will continue to operate under its name after the transaction closes. About 60% of Duane Reade stores are located in Manhattan, while 30% are in outer boroughs and 10% are outside the city.

Though Walgreens expects acquisition charges will lower its earnings per share during the first 12 months after the deal closes, the drugstore projects it will help cut costs by between $120 million and $130 million by the third year.

Shares of Walgreens fell 1% in early trading.  

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The Colorado Business Hall of Fame inducted eight business notables Thursday night during its annual induction banquet at the Hyatt Regency Denver at the Colorado Convention Center.

Junior Achievement-Rocky Mountain Inc. and the Denver Metro Chamber of Commerce operated the event, and UMB Bank was the underwriter.

The Colorado Business Hall of Fame is in its 21st year, and has more than 100 members.

The 2010 laureates:

• The Gart Brothers: Nathan, Melvin, Jerry and Mickey Gart — In 1928, Nathan Gart founded Gart Bros. Sporting Goods Co. Melvin Gart joined the business in 1946 and oversaw all the advertising.

Nathan’s two sons, Jerry and Mickey, also worked for the company. Jerry Gart joined full time in 1953. He also opened the first branch store — a camera store at 16th Street and Court Place in downtown Denver — and built it into the largest photographic outlet in the Rocky Mountain West.

He added sporting goods to the upper level and took charge of the business. Eventually, that led to a highly successful chain of sporting goods stores, including the Sportscastle at 10th Avenue and Broadway.

The Garts also came up with “Sniagrab” — bargains spelled backward — and turned it into the largest ski sale in the world. It starts every year during Labor Day weekend.

• James B. Wallace — He’s one of four partners of Bownlie, Wallace, Armstrong and Bander Exploration. After 17 years working in the oil business in Texas, Wallace and his associates moved the company to Denver in 1970. Soon, Joe Bander joined the partnership.

Brownlie, Wallace, Armstrong and Bander was active in the Rockies in the 1970s. In 1980, they formed BWAB Inc. and Brownlie, Wallace, Armstrong and Bander Exploration.

Wallace served on the board of directors of Tom Brown Inc. until its sale to EnCana Oil and Gas USA Inc. He currently serves on the boards of Delta Petroleum, Ellora Energy and Savant Resources.

The Denver Petroleum Club named him Man of the Year in 1981.

In 1986, the Independent Petroleum Association of the Mountain States named him Wildcatter of the Year, in recognition of his 30 years in oil and gas exploration.

The Colorado Petroleum Association named him Man of the Year in 1991, and the Rocky Mountain Oil & Gas Hall of Fame inducted him in 2004. He’s also a member of the All-American Wildcatters group and the 25-Year Club of the Petroleum Industry.

• Henry Bosco — His father owned the Denver Hotel in Glenwood Springs, and Henry Bosco worked at a variety of jobs there as he grew up.

In 1956, the owner of the Hot Springs property, Frank E. Kistler, decided to sell the property and retire. Bosco and his father, Mike, were two of the 22 investors who bought the property.

Bosco helped lobby for the location of Interstate 70's Eisenhower/Edwin Johnson Memorial Tunnel.

He served as general manager of the hot springs property from 1976-89. Today, he serves as president and board chairman.

The Glenwood Chamber Resort Association named Bosco Citizen of the Year in 2006. The Glenwood Chamber of Commerce has established the Bosco Tourism Business of the Year award, an annual award in honor of the Bosco family.

• Merle Catherine Chambers — In 1980, she founded and served as CEO of Axem Resources LLC, an independent oil and gas production firm. Chambers ran it for 17 years. She also became board chairman of Clipper Exxpress Co., a family-owned transportation business based in Illinois. Her father, Jerry Chambers, started that company.

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Florida is among a handful of states that posted the largest monthly gains in the number of online job postings, which were up by 25,500 in January, according to The Conference Board’s Help Wanted OnLine Data Series. Only California, with a 67,600 jump, had more.

"The last three months have shown a sharp upturn in employer demand for workers," said Gad Levanon, associate director of macroeconomic research at The Conference Board, in a news release. "These increases have brought us back near the labor demand levels that existed in November 2008, just prior to the huge losses resulting from the financial turmoil in the last quarter of 2008. This is very good news since these seasonally adjusted increases come in two months, when we normally see employers cut back on advertising for workers."

And, while that’s good news, the number of unemployed continues to exceed the number of advertised vacancies in all 52 of the metropolitan areas The Conference Board looks at.

In Miami, there were nine unemployed people for every five vacancies posted in November 2009, the latest month for which unemployment data was available.

Among the 10 occupation groups with the largest number of online advertised vacancies nationwide, office and administrative support occupations posted the largest January gain, up 74,100.

• Advertised vacancies in management occupations were up 54,500 in January, to 427,400.
• Computer and mathematical science professions rose 40,600 in January, to 514,700.
• Labor demand for health care support occupations rose 6,500 to 119,000.

Demand for health care support workers has remained relatively steady throughout the recession, although the number of unemployed seeking work in this field has remained relatively high, The Conference Board noted.

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About 900 General Motors and Chrysler dealerships that got the ax as the Detroit giants went through bankruptcy have filed notice that they will appeal their shutdown, according to the American Arbitration Association.

The nearly 3,000 dealerships the auto manufacturers scrapped have until Monday to file with the AAA for an independent arbitration of their case. But applications from dealers are still rolling in, so it’s hard to tell what the final count will be, said India Johnson, senior vice president of AAA.

"We are still putting cases in every day. They come in the mail, they come by e-mail, they come by fax," Johnson said. "I think that some may be filing because they want to preserve their right to file, and then next week or the week after that they may not go forward."

Electing arbitration costs dealers and manufactuers each a $1,625 filing fee. But that is just the start: If the arbitration proceeds to a hearing, the costs mount. Dealer and manufactuers are required to split common fees, such as the filing fee, and pay their own attorney expenses.

An estimated 2,000 dealers from General Motors and 789 from Chrysler are eligible to appeal. The General Motors count includes 1,300 dealerships that were put on notice in May for closure as of October 2010. Another 700 dealers were slated for "partial wind-down," meaning that one of a dealer’s multiple franchises is scheduled to be shuttered guaranteed payday loans.

The dealers Chrysler targeted in May have already stopped operating as Chrysler franchises. The company gave them less than 30 days to close.

Dealerships that have already closed or will close due to the death of GM’s Saturn and Pontiac brands are being handled separately. The fate of Hummer franchises will remain in limbo until the brand’s sale to a Chinese company is complete. Saab dealers are also hanging by a thread.

Arbitrators have a list of seven factors to consider in evaluating dealers’ appeals. They will assess the dealer’s profitability over the past four years, the dealership’s current economic viability, the geographic and demographic characteristics of the dealership’s territory, and the length of time the dealership has been in business, among other factors.

The arbitrator must also consider each manufacturer’s overall business plan, and how well the contested dealership fits into it.

The proceedings will be held in the state where the dealership is located and must, by law, be completed by June 14. However, arbitrators will have the option of extending that deadline if they can show cause for the extension. 

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The Toronto stock market started the trading week off positive Monday, led by higher commodity and financial stocks.

The S&P/TSX composite index closed up 65.17 points to 11,750.54 after a lukewarm start to the U.S. quarterly earnings season and moves by China to cool its economy had pushed the main index down more than two per cent last week to below where it started the new year.

“When China raised the reserve requirements (for banks), it was unexpected,” said Ian Nakamoto, director of research at MacDougall, MacDougall and MacTier.

“All of a sudden, you say: is some of the global stimulus going to be removed quicker than I thought?”

The TSX Venture Exchange climbed 12.25 points to 1,605.72.

Volumes were lower than normal as New York markets closed for the Martin Luther King holiday.

A day before the Bank of Canada makes its scheduled announcement on interest rates, the Canadian dollar moved 0.28 of a cent higher to 97.42 cents US. The central bank is widely expected to leave rates — which hover near zero — alone until at least the end of the second quarter.

The base metals sector was up 1.39 per cent. Late Monday afternoon, the March copper contract on the New York Mercantile Exchange rose five cents to US$3.41 a pound in electronic trading. Regular trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange was also closed Monday for the King holiday.

Teck Resources (TSX:TCK.B) added 43 cents to $41.23 while Labrador Iron Mines Holdings (TSX:LIM) ran up 69 cents to $5.57.

The February crude contract rose 25 cents to US$78.25 a barrel shortly before the TSX closed, taking the energy sector ahead 0.63 per cent. EnCana Corp. (TSX:ECA) improved 46 cents to $35.67 while Imperial Oil (TSX:IMO) gained 46 cents to $41.10.

Crude prices fell every day last week, losing just over five per cent, as the first batch of fourth-quarter earnings and economic data pointed to signs of continued weakness in the U.S. economy.

Oil and gas explorer Enterra Energy Trust (TSX:ENT.UN) said Monday it will convert to a corporation by the end of May, changing its name in the process to Equal Energy Ltd. Calgary-based Enterra said Monday it wants to make the move before a change in the rules governing the taxation scheme for trusts takes effect in 2011. Enterra units jumped 56 cents or 25.93 per cent to $2.72.

Shares in Cirrus Energy Corp. (TSXV:CYR) dropped 68 cents or 24.46 per cent to $2.10 after delivering a disappointing update on its drilling activities at its subsidiary in Holland. A platform refurbishment was meant to allow “continuous uninterrupted production” from its well. Instead, production performance has steadily declined.

The financial sector moved up 0.65 per cent after losing ground at the end of last week in the wake of disappointing earnings results from American banking giant JPMorgan Chase. TD Bank (TSX:TD) was ahead 75 cents to $64.10 and Manulife Financial was up 22 cents at $20.54 .

The February gold contract was ahead $2.90 to US$1,133.40 an ounce and the gold sector edged up 0.19 per cent.

When Wall Street returns on Tuesday, the focus will turn towards the next batch of fourth-quarter corporate earnings figures, including those from Citigroup Inc. and IBM Corp.

So far, earnings have been fairly mixed, with upside surprises from the likes of Intel Corp. offset by disappointments elsewhere, most notably Alcoa Inc. and JPMorgan Chase.

“Are they going to meet their guidance? And how are they going to meet it? asked Nakamoto.

“Expectations have ratcheted up.”

In other corporate news, a group of bidders, including former Canadian senator Jerry Grafstein, says it’s preparing to make an offer for some of Canwest’s (CGS.V) newspapers, including its flagship National Post. The consortium of investors also includes former Global TV executive and Montreal Star editor Raymond Heard and writer and broadcaster Beryl Wajsman.

But Nakamoto said he expected there are funds and companies that would be interested in the whole newspaper chain.

“I would think there’s a bunch of private equity investors _ like even Onex Corp. (TSX:OCX). Why wouldn’t they look at it? It seems right up their alley. Or why wouldn’t the Ontario Teachers Pension Fund look at it? There’s a lot of money out there.”

Canwest shares were off one cent at 7.5 cents.

Mosaid Technologies Inc. (TSX:MSD) shares rose $1.45 to $21.51 after it said its revenue will be $3 million higher in the 2010 financial year than previously thought, rising to an estimated range of $68 million to $70 million. It said the improved performance is the result of a landmark licensing agreement between the Ottawa patent firm and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

Heritage Oil Corp. (TSX:HOC) says that Tullow Uganda Ltd. has exercised its right to pre-empt Heritage’s sale of a 50 per cent interest of two blocks in Uganda to Italy’s Eni International B.V., and will pay more than US$1.35 billion for the assets. Heritage shares ran ahead $1.90 or 24.24 per cent to $10.20.

Financially troubled Coalcorp Mining Inc. (TSX:CCJ) says the proposed US$150-million sale of its La Francia coal mine in Colombia has been threatened by a company allegedly controlled by former Coalcorp directors. Coalcorp said Monday it received a letter from Blue Pacific Assets Corp. advising that it will ask a court to block the sale unless it receives about $2 million of royalties that are purportedly overdue and assurance that Coalcorp will terminate the proposed sale of La Francia to Goldman Sachs. Coalcorp shares were 1.5 cents higher at 19.5 cents.

New Flyer Industries Inc. (TSX:NFI.UN) said Friday it received orders for 711 buses in the fourth quarter for a total of $308 million. The company said the orders included 506 new firm and option orders and 205 exercised options for buses. Its units added 10 cents to $10.50.

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The Federal Reserve on Monday proposed allowing banks to set up the equivalent of certificates of deposit at the central bank, a move that would help the Fed mop up money pumped into the economy and prevent inflation from taking off later.

Under the proposal, the Fed would offer so-called "term deposits" that would pay interest. Doing so would provide banks with another incentive to park their money at the Fed, rather than having it flow back into the economy.

The proposal comes as no surprise. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke and other Fed officials have repeatedly said the creation of so-called "term deposits" — essentially the equivalent of CDs for banks — would be one of several tools the Fed could use to drain money from the economy when the time is right.

Against that backdrop, the Fed said the proposal "has no implications for monetary policy decisions in the near term."

With both the economy and the financial system on the mend, the Fed this year started to wind down and scale back some emergency lending programs. Many of those programs were set up at the height of the financial crisis in the fall of 2008 when some credit markets virtually shut down.

Lending conditions have improved but still aren’t back to normal. They continue to restrain the recovery.

The Fed’s balance sheet has ballooned to $2.2 trillion, reflecting the creation of lending programs intended to ease the financial crisis. That’s more than double the pre-crisis level. The Fed will need to mop up that money or it could trigger inflation down the road.

The Fed proposed that the interest rate paid on the term deposit be set through an auction mechanism.

Banks wanting to hold a term deposit would bid in regularly scheduled competitive auctions. The banks would indicate both the interest rate at which they are willing to be paid and the amount of money they want to deposit into the account at that interest rate.

Given that process, it’s unclear now what the rates on the accounts would be.

The Fed said it anticipated term deposits with "relatively short maturities" likely ranging between one and six months. It said deposit maturities wouldn’t exceed one year, and no early withdrawals of money in the accounts would be allowed.

Most economists don’t believe the Fed will start raising its key bank lending rate, which influences a range of consumer lending rates, until the middle of next year.

Separately, in a weekly report issued Monday, the Fed said banks cut back on emergency loans from the central bank, a fresh sign credit problems have eased.

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